Java开发
上期我们主要讲述了后端springboot开发规范和一些基本配置，现在阐述一些常用技巧。
如发邮件、微信配置等，这些都十分简单但易忘，故集中整理。
微信接口集成
调用微信官方api即可。
核心要素为api_key和api_secret，配置在yaml中。
accessToken的获取
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public static String getAccessToken() throws Exception{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid
+ "&secret=" + secret;
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
getMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
//设置Content-Type，此处根据实际情况确定
getMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
String result = "";
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
if (statusCode == 200) {
result = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
JSONObject json = (JSONObject) JSON.parse(result);
String token = (String) json.get("access_token");
return token;
}
else {
throw new Exception();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new Exception();
}
}
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微信支付与退款
- 后端配置接口
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// 配置签名等信息
PrivateKey merchantPrivateKey = PemUtil.loadPrivateKey(Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(wxPayAppConfig.getMerchantPrivateKey())));
certificatesManager = CertificatesManager.getInstance();
sign = SecureUtil.sign(SignAlgorithm.SHA256withRSA, merchantPrivateKey.getEncoded(), null);
certificatesManager.putMerchant(wxPayAppConfig.getMchID(),
new WechatPay2Credentials(wxPayAppConfig.getMchID(), new PrivateKeySigner(wxPayAppConfig.getMchSerialNo(),
merchantPrivateKey)), wxPayAppConfig.getApiV3key().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
Verifier verifier = certificatesManager.getVerifier(wxPayAppConfig.getMchID());
WechatPayHttpClientBuilder builder = WechatPayHttpClientBuilder.create()
.withMerchant(wxPayAppConfig.getMchID(), wxPayAppConfig.getMchSerialNo(), merchantPrivateKey)
.withValidator(new WechatPay2Validator(verifier));
httpClient = builder.build();
JSONObject requestMap = new JSONObject(); //设置请求体
requestMap.put("mchid", wxPayAppConfig.getMchID());
requestMap.put("appid", wxPayAppConfig.getAppID());
...
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/v3/pay/transactions/jsapi");
httpPost.addHeader("Accept", "application/json");
httpPost.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestMap.toJSONString(), "UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); //发送请求
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- 前端发起请求
- 微信支付成功后反馈
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@ResponseBody
@PostMapping("/pay/notify")
public String handleTradeNotify(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
System.out.println("已支付");
ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String line;
String result = "";
while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
result += line;
}
// 通过微信支付通知的返回结果，校验是否支付成功
JSONObject obj = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
...
//重点：解密支付内容
AesUtil aesUtil = new AesUtil(secret.getBytes());
String res = aesUtil.decryptToString(associatedData.getBytes(), nonce.getBytes(), ciphertext);
JSONObject payInfo = JSONObject.parseObject(res);
...
// 处理数据库逻辑
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退款与之类似，不再赘述。
微信小程序开发中还有许多需要用到官方接口，如扫二维码、消息推送等，可查阅微信官方文档。
发送邮件与短信
后端开发中，免不了发送短信/邮件，尤其在电商项目中。
发送邮件
Springboot有EmailUtil
- 配置application.yaml
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mail:
host: smtp.qq.com
port: 587
username: qq-number@qq.com
password: password
smtpHost: smtp.qq.com
properties:
mail:
smtp:
auth: true
starttls:
enable: true
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- 编写EmailUtils类
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import jakarta.mail.*;
import jakarta.mail.internet.*; //引入发邮件相关包
public class EmailUtils {
private String smtpHost; // 邮件服务器地址
private String sendUserName; // 发件人的用户名
private String sendUserPass; // 发件人密码
private MimeMessage mimeMsg; // 邮件对象
private Multipart mp;// 附件添加的组件
private void init() {
// 创建一个密码验证器
MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(sendUserName, sendUserPass);
// 实例化Properties对象
Properties props = System.getProperties();
props.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); // 需要身份验证
props.put("mail.smtp.port", 587);
props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
// 建立会话
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, authenticator);
// 置true可以在控制台（console)上看到发送邮件的过程
session.setDebug(true);
// 用session对象来创建并初始化邮件对象
mimeMsg = new MimeMessage(session);
// 生成附件组件的实例
mp = new MimeMultipart();
}
...
public boolean send() throws Exception {
mimeMsg.setContent(mp);
mimeMsg.saveChanges();
System.out.println("正在发送邮件....");
solveError();
Transport.send(mimeMsg);
System.out.println("发送邮件成功！");
return true;
}
}
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发送短信
- 到官网注册，例如阿里云等
一般均需要企业实名认证 + 签名审核 + 模版审核。需要耐心等待数天。
- 找到api或者sdk，编写后端代码。
以阿里云为例：
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com.aliyun.dysmsapi20170525.models.SendBatchSmsRequest sendBatchSmsRequest = new com.aliyun.dysmsapi20170525.models.SendBatchSmsRequest()
.setTemplateCode(templateCode)
.setTemplateParamJson(templateParamJson)
.setSignNameJson(signNameJson)
.setPhoneNumberJson(phoneNumberJson);
com.aliyun.teautil.models.RuntimeOptions runtime = new com.aliyun.teautil.models.RuntimeOptions();
try {
// 复制代码运行请自行打印 API 的返回值
SendBatchSmsResponse response = client.sendBatchSmsWithOptions(sendBatchSmsRequest, runtime);
System.out.println(response.getBody().getMessage());
} catch(...) {
...
}
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- 调api查询短信是否发送成功